Multi-Aircraft Cooperative Strategic Trajectory-Planning Method Considering Wind Forecast Uncertainty

We address the issue of multi-aircraft cooperative strategic trajectory planning in free-route airspace (FRA) this study, taking into consideration impact time-varying and altitude-varying wind forecast uncertainty. A bi-level model was established response to properties wind. The upper level focused on minimizing flight time, while lower aimed reduce potential conflicts. Meanwhile, a heuristic approach based conflict severity (CS) within framework co-evolution evolutionary algorithm (CCEA) proposed accelerate convergence speed view complexity optimization issue. In order conduct experiments, historical data 1479 flights over western Chinese were retrieved. number conflicts, total time variance, deviation used as indicators evaluate safety, efficiency, predictability trajectory. When compared structured airspace, optimal solution conflict-free reduced by about 17.7%, variance 11.7%, 37.5%. Additionally, contrast with two-stage demonstrated that method entirely meaningful. outcome survey can provide an effective trajectory-planning method, which is crucial for sustainable development future air traffic management (ATM).